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Tense
Friday, February 16, 2007

Tense is the form of the verb used to express the time of an action. Mainly there are three tenses viz. Present Tense, Past Tense and Future Tense.

The ‘Present Tense’ is used:-

To express an action that is happening now.

Examples:
To express the universal truths:

Examples:

To express a future action:

Examples:
To quote from the existing work of authors:

Examples:
The ‘Past Tense’ expresses an action finished in a past time.

Examples:
The ‘Future Tense’ represents an action that is yet to come.

Examples:

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Mood
Sunday, February 11, 2007

The manner of an action is expressed by the ‘Mood’ of verb. There are three moods of verbs viz. Indicative, Subjunctive and Imperative.

Indicative Mood: The ‘Indicative Mood’ simply describes the facts.

Examples:

Subjunctive Mood: The ‘Subjunctive Mood’ expresses an action under condition.

Examples:
The subjunctive mood also expresses the wish.

Examples:
The subjunctive mood also expresses the purpose.

Examples:
Imperative Mood: ‘Imperative Mood’ expresses a command or advice.

Examples:

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Voice
Friday, February 09, 2007

Voice shows whether the subject of the verb acts or is acted upon. There are two voices viz. Active Voice and Passive Voice.

Active Voice: A verb is called in ‘Active Voice’ when its subject acts.

e.g. Rama helps Mohan.

Passive Voice: A verb is called in ‘Passive Voice’ when its subject does not act but remain passive and is acted upon.

e.g. Mohan is helped by Rama.

Some more examples:









Active VoicePassive Voice
Suresh loves Sohan.Sohan is loved by Suresh.
The builder is building the house.The house is being built by the builder.
The servant opened the room.The room was opened by the servant.
Some boys were helping the injured man.The injured man was being helped by the boys.
I will finish the work shortly.The work will be finished by me shortly.
Why did write such a letter?Why was such a letter written by you?
The boss told him that.He was told that by the boss. or That was told him by the boss.
I am doing it.It is being done by me.
Shall I do it?Shall it be done by me?

posted by जुड़िये गँठजोड़ मित्र समुदाय से! (gathjod.com) @ 6:56 PM, ,




Incomplete Verbs
Tuesday, February 06, 2007

Please read the following sentences:

The first sentence shows complete sense without any help of any other word whereas the sense of second sentence completes only with the help of the word ‘king’.

Incomplete Verbs: The verbs, which require help of any other word(s) are called ‘Incomplete Verbs’. The word, which helps to complete the sense of incomplete verb are called ‘Complement of the Verb or Completion of the Predicate.

Intransitive verbs like appear, be, become, get, grow, live, look, seem etc. are generally used as incomplete verb.

But some transitive verbs also are incomplete and require some other word or words besides their object to give a complete predication.
Examples:

posted by जुड़िये गँठजोड़ मित्र समुदाय से! (gathjod.com) @ 11:27 PM, ,




The Verbs
Monday, February 05, 2007


Words stating something about a person or thing are called verbs.

The verbs have been divided into two parts viz. Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs.

Transitive Verbs: The verbs, the action of which is not limited to its subject but reflects to some object, are called ‘Transitive Verbs’. e.g. Mohan kicks the football. In this sentence the action (kicking) of subject (Mohan) reflects to other object (football), hence ‘kick’ is a transitive verb.

Intransitive Verbs: The verbs, the action of which does not pass to any object but limits to the subject only, are called ‘Intransitive Verbs’. e.g. Mohan sleeps. In this sentence the action (sleep) does not reflect to any object, hence ‘sleep’ is intransitive verb.

A number of verbs can be used as both the kinds of verbs (either transitive or intransitive):

Examples:





Verb used as transitiveVerb used as intransitive
Fire burnt his finger.Fire burns.
See the fun.A blind person can’t see.
John drinks whisky.I never drink.
Mohan wrote a letter to his brother.Ram writes well.

posted by जुड़िये गँठजोड़ मित्र समुदाय से! (gathjod.com) @ 11:01 PM, ,




The Articles
Sunday, February 04, 2007

Demonstrative adjectives ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are called ‘Articles’.

‘A’ and ‘an’ are called ‘Indefinite Articles’ as it does not indicate any definite or particular thing.

But ‘the’ is called ‘Indefinite Article’ as it indicates a definite or particular thing.

There must be an article before common nouns in the singular number.

Examples:
  • I have a cycle or I have the cycle.
  • I bought a book or I bought the book.
‘A’ is used before:
  • A consonant

  • Such vowels as have the sound of ‘yu’ e.g. a unit, a university, a European etc.

  • collective words e.g. a dozen

  • Plural nouns with “few”, “great many” and “good many” e.g. ‘a few days’, ‘a great many mangos’, ‘a good many mosques’ etc.
‘An’ is used before:
  • Vowels e.g. ‘an article’, ‘an egg’, ‘an Indian’, ‘an order’ etc.

  • Consonants have a vowel sound e.g. ‘an hour’, ‘an honourable’, ‘an M.A.’ etc.
‘The’ is used before:
  • The names of oceans, seas, bays, gulfs, rivers e.g. ‘the Pacific’, ‘the Baltic’, ‘the Bay of Bengal’, ‘the Persian Gulf’, ‘the Ganges’ etc.

  • The names of groups of islands e.g. ‘the Andaman islands’, ‘the West Indies’, etc.

  • The name of mountains e.g. ‘the Himalayas’, ‘the Alps’ etc.

  • Descriptive names of countries e.g. ‘the United States’, ‘the Punjab’, ‘the Netherlands’ etc.

  • Compound geographical names e.g. ‘the Land’s End’

  • The names of ships e.g. ‘the Titanic’

  • The name of newspapers e.g. ‘the Hindu’, ‘the Statesman’ etc.

  • The date of the month e.g. ‘the 15th August’, ‘the 26th January’ etc.

posted by जुड़िये गँठजोड़ मित्र समुदाय से! (gathjod.com) @ 9:00 PM, ,




Adjective

Words describing some speciality of any noun or pronoun are called adjectives.

Classification of Adjectives

Adjectives have been classified into seven classes as per their use. viz. i. Demonstrative Adjectives ii. Interrogative Adjectives iii. Relative Adjectives iv. Possessive Adjectives v. Bulk or In Mass Adjectives vi. Numeral or In Number Adjectives & vii. Common Adjectives.

Demonstrative Adjectives: This, that, those, the, such, the same etc. form ‘Demonstrative Adjectives’ as per their use.

Examples:

Interrogative Adjectives: Which and what forms ‘Interrogative Adjectives’ as per their use.

Examples:
Relative Adjectives: Which and what forms ‘Relative Adjectives’ as per their use.

Examples:
Possessive Adjectives: My, your, his, her, its, their etc. form ‘Possessive Adjectives’ as per their use.

Examples:
Bulk or In Mass Adjectives: Much, great, small, some, any, all, whole, enough, little, no, none etc. forms ‘Bulk or In Mass Adjectives’ as per their use.

Examples:
Numeral or In Number Adjectives: Numerals one, two etc., first, second etc., many, any, all, some, certain, several, whole, few, most etc. form ‘Numeral or In Number Adjectives as per their use.

Examples:
Qualitative Adjectives: Broad, loud, useful, quick, Indian etc. form ‘Qualitative Adjectives’ as per their use.

Examples:

posted by जुड़िये गँठजोड़ मित्र समुदाय से! (gathjod.com) @ 3:30 AM, ,




The Pronoun
Thursday, February 01, 2007

Words which are used instead of nouns are called pronouns.
Classes of Pronouns: Pronouns are divided into seven classes viz. (i) Personal Pronoun, (ii) Relative Pronoun (iii) Demonstrative Pronoun, (iv) Interrogative Pronoun (v)Reflexiv Pronoun, (vi) Indefinit Pronoun and (vii) Distributive Pronoun.

Personal Pronoun: The pronoun, which represents a person,is called
'Personal Pronoun'. e.g.: I, you.

Personal pronouns have been divided into 'persons'.
First Person Pronouns: The pronouns, which are used by the person who is taking for himself, are called 'First Person Pronouns'. e.g.: I, we, me, us, my, our.
Second Person Pronouns: The pronouns, which are used for the person who is listening, are called 'Second Person Pronouns'. e.g. you, your.
Number and Gender of Personal Pronouns: As the 'pronouns' are used in place of some 'noun', the number nad gender of it are same as that of the relative noun.
Relative Pronoun: A pronoun which connects two statments is called 'Relative Pronoun'.
Example: I met Mohan who lives in Raipur. Here 'who' is relative pronoun.
Demonstrative Pronouns: The pronouns which points to some other person, place or thing, are called 'Demonstrative Pronouns'. e.g. he, she, they, it, him, his, her, them, their.
Note: Often demonstrative pronouns are erroneously treated as personal pronoun of third person, but a pronoun which do not denote a person directly can not be a personal pronoun. For personal pronous (like I, you etc.) naming of person no not necessary but 'He is a good man.' can not be said without naming the person for whom the pronoun 'he' is being used.
Interrogative Pronouns: The pronouns used for asking questions are called 'Interrogative Pronouns'. These are who, which and what.
Some example sentences are shown below as examples:
Who are you?
Which do you want?
What do you want?

Reflexiv Pronouns: Pronouns used to denote that the action of the subject is turned back upon himself, are called 'Reflxive Pronouns'.
Some example sentences are shown below as examples:
I hurt myself.
Know yourself.

Indefinite Pronouns: Pronouns which do not signify any particular person place or thing are called 'Indefinite Pronouns'. e.g. anybody, other etc.
Some example sentences are shown below as examples:
Anybody can do it.
Let another eat.

Distributive Pronoun: The pronouns each, either and neither are called 'Destributive Pronouns' as they denote all of of a class taken separately.
Some example sentences are shown below as examples:
Each of them has performed satisfactorily.
Either of the two pencils will do.
Neither of them came.

posted by जुड़िये गँठजोड़ मित्र समुदाय से! (gathjod.com) @ 8:43 PM, ,